concept
Genetics----[Similarities between parents and children]
Variation----[Differences between parents and offspring and between individual offspring]
Relative traits
Different manifestations of the same trait in the same organism
Gene
Genes control the characteristics of organisms
Genes control biological traits
gene delivery
Sperm and egg cells are the "bridge" for the transmission of genes between parents and children.
chromosome
Contains "protein molecules" and "DNA molecules" inside
Chromosomes can be dyed dark by alkaline substances
relation
Cell<----Nucleus<----Chromosome<----DNA and protein molecules
chromosome
Chromosomes appear in pairs in somatic cells in the human body
There are 23 pairs and 46 lines in total
When the chromosomes are passed to offspring, they will be reduced by half, and the number and shape will be the same
Differences from other chromosomes: There is one more chromosome than other chromosomes, a total of 47
Down syndrome - also known as: Trisomy 21
Chromosome:DNA molecule=1:1
Genes are DNA segments that have hereditary effects
Genes are found in deoxyribonucleic acid - "deoxyribonucleic acid" is called "DNA"
Biological traits are not only controlled by genes, but are also affected by the environment
Rat growth hormone gene--->Mouse fertilized egg--->Mice in vivo--->Observe the born mice
Experiment: Transgenic Super Mouse
Similarities and differences are called:-whether the traits are the same